Reagan Remembered Interview Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reagan Remembered Interview - Research Paper Example America had its longest peacetime economic expansion under Reagan and the tax benefits actually had a trickle effect that the people felt. There were job increases and unemployment was down. Even with a brief recession in 1982, the country still managed to come out on top economically speaking. It is really sad that Ronald Reagan knew of the importance of privatizing the Social Security program of the country but he never had a chance to do so. He actually liked the idea of allowing the members to choose how and where their money would be invested. He was a president who knew that social security, even though he was against it due to its Ponzi scheme like nature, could benefit the poorest of the poor. That is why he wanted to allow those who could prove that they did not need the retirement benefits of social security to get a refund and opt out of the program. For all of the good that Reagan did for our country though, his presidency seems to be best remembered for the Iran Contra scandal wherein our high ranking government officials illegally sold firearms to Iran which, at the time, was the subject of an arms embargo. Regardless of the embargo though, it is easy to understand why he did it. There were seven American lives at stake. These were American citizens being held hostage in Iran by a terrorist group with ties to the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution. What started out as a deal based on you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours ended up as an arms for hostages scheme instead that had individual executive branch representatives selling the weapons in exchange for American lives. He may not have done right by going around the arms embargo but, and this is the most important part, he brought those Americans being held hostage home. Each one of them alive and kicking. Nobody will ever forget the assassination attempt on Ronald Reagans life because a mad man tried to

Compares and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative Research Paper

Compares and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative evaluation in the instructional design process - Research Paper Example Here, the clarity, impact and feasibility of the message and the instruction are determined. In the small group evaluation, the entire group is handed similar feedback based on grouped outcome of the successes or difficulties. This effectively addresses the instruction rather than the learners. In the field trial evaluation, the instructor uses the design and course materials already modified twice to present a full-scale instructional session. Challenges with formative evaluation are often found in feasibility matters. Students’ capabilities, instructional environment and medium greatly impact the outcome of the stage. The motivation, independence and maturity of individual students will determine the required time to complete the stage (Smaldino, Rusell & Heinrich, 2005). Summative evaluation is beneficial because it is possible to develop consistent, standardized sets of information on each learner. It also creates a justification for wide-scale decision making in education programs. Summative evaluation uses two phases to assess the worth or merit of a program. The inclusion of external evaluators is beneficial because it adds value to the evaluation and design of the learning process and materials. In the expert judgment phase, feasibility, content, design and congruence analysis are examined. In the field trial phase, outcome and management analysis are examined. It further looks at the impact on the students, job and organization. Essentially, the performance of the group in relation to the set objective is analyzed by the instructional designer in various ways (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). Organizational resources and needs are aligned with the program through congruence analysis; goals are identified through content analysis; sufficiency of modules of instructional strategies is evaluated through design analysis; and feasibility analysis is in relation to the materials’ utility. Summative evaluation is challenged when it comes to balanci ng process and product measures and preventing backwards implication; anticipating the scope of positive and negative consequences of using results of summative assessment; attending to both non-cognitive and affective features of flourishing academic programs; and the information’s timeliness (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). In confirmative evaluation, there is a follow up of the students after they are out of the program. It is beneficial because instructors get to know their competitive levels and how well they are making use of the knowledge and information they gain from their programs. This is a marriage of the other evaluations and programs in continuous improvement. Unlike the other kinds used at the designing and learning levels, confirmative evaluation comes months after implementation of the program (Morrison, Ross & Kemp, 2004). Endurance of outcomes, efficiency and return on investments are tested. However, the challenge is that the evaluators and students are forc ed to commit themselves to the full scope of evaluation. Identifying and including all the stakeholders, especially decision makers and activity planners, is also a problem. Question Two Formative assessment is an ongoing measurement in educational preparation aiming at the improvement of student learning. It provides information crucial in the monitoring of an individual’

Proposal for Lighting Festival Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Proposal for Lighting Festival - Case Study Example You may handover the product and get a replacement free of cost from the store where you have made the purchase. If you are not in a position to revisit the store, kindly arrange to send an email to the undersigned who will take immediate action to collect the product from you replacing it with a new one at our cost. Even though we are sure that what has been reported might be a stray incident, we simply do not want to undertake any risks on the health of the infants, as we value the interests of our customers more than our economic values. We deeply regret the inconvenience caused to you in this respect. It is with deep concern that the management brings to your notice that there has been a serious customer complaint on the product 'infant car seat'. The customer has complained that she has found fragments of glass in the upholstery of the seat which is a serious issue as it may cause dangerous bodily harm to the infant being carried in the seat. Such complaints not only bring monetary loss to the company due to lower sales on account of bad reputation and law suits for huge monetary compensation but also tarnish the image of the company built in the market over the last six years. The management wishes the employees to understand the seriousness of the issue and take all the extra precaution necessary to avoid such mistakes in the future. If any worker is found to be directly or indirectly responsible for the occurrence of such incidents or for non-detection of such complaints he/she will be reprimanded and punished as this is considered as a serious issue that may affect the future business of the company and your future also in the process. We advise each one of the employees in the manufacturing department to be more vigilant in adopting the safety procedures which are already in place for checking the product thoroughly in the assembly for any alien materials. Perhaps some of the employees do not understand the procedure due to language problems. The management though it to better to train all the employees to be proficient in English language so that the safety procedures can be followed effectively. Arrangements are under way for imparting the necessary training. Further safety procedures to be more effective in this direction are being instituted for follow up by workers. The management once again reiterates the seriousness of the issue and warns all the employees to be more cautious and vigilant. Email Dear Mr. Dolan Further to your note on the issue of the customer complaint on the product 'infant car seat' I have made a thorough investigation in to the issue. I have made sure that nothing has gone wrong in our manufacturing location. There is a possibility that this thing might have happened in the store or at the customer's home. But I did not want to do a post mortem of

Hand hygiene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hand hygiene - Essay Example With this being a retrospective project, no questionnaires will be involved (no human involvement) but only collection/evaluation of pre and post data from the infection/risk and quality department within the sampled acute care center. Any or all actions that are meant to clean hands by any person may describe what hand hygiene refers to. It involves such practices as washing hands using water as well as soap or even the application of non-water antimicrobial rub on hands as are all meant to reduce if not eliminate all microorganisms on the hands (Corrigan, 2013; Medvick, 2008). ‘Hospital acquired infection’ (HAI) refers to the infection that a patient may be diagnosed with after admission of any form of medical attendance within the medical facilities and as such it implies that the infection was not present as the patient came into the facility for the health service(s) (Weinstock, 2007). It must therefore be acquired through health care delivery and hands hygiene has been pointed out as the greatest contributor to such outcomes (Cantrell, 2013). Health care facilities and providers have therefore a mandatory responsibility of ensuring that hand hygiene is promoted in order to curb the losses in lif e and costs associated with the resultant infections from poor hand hygiene within these medical facilities. This paper therefore focuses on the effects of poor hand hygiene by healthcare providers on HAI with special attention on compliance by health care providers and main factors that could explain the poor hygiene within health facilities amidst the extensive and serious campaigns on hand hygiene within these facilities (Cantrell, 2014). Although this topic has been addressed intensively over years, little studies have been directed towards implications of compliance of health care providers on observing hands hygiene. Many factors

How the emotion affects the person Essay Example for Free

How the emotion affects the person Essay In the modern world, emotions play such a large role in almost everything people do, it is hard to make a decision which will get the most desirable results. It is true, however it is looked upon, that decisions and choices are mainly made by the emotion that the person is feeling towards the topic. A kind person will go join the Peace Corps and help aide the poor and starving, while a person with no pity towards much of anything will not care enough to do something of that nature. Pity is one of the key emotions in making decisions. If someone feels sorry for another individual, they are much more likely to go out of their way to help this person. Whether it is from dropping a few coins into a beggars cup, or just helping out a friend, people have to go out of their way because of pity. Pity is more than a simple emotion which can lead people do to things for others, however. It can bring upon new feelings within an individual and help them to achieve a higher level of consciousness. Decisions are intertwined with everyone in the worlds lives, and if they do not begin to see the reasons behind their decisions, it could have devastating results. Pity towards an individual can have an effect on almost everything in the world. Whether it is bargaining for the price of clothing, to giving money to a poor person, there can be all kinds of changes depending on a persons circumstance. This, however, is not a good thing because there are always people in the world who do not care about others and can con someone and take advantage of them. Although pity can be good or bad, it is mainly shown as a sign of weakness in a person. It can make someone decide to do irrational things for another and bring them in danger. People say that having a ruthless leader would be bad, but they are wrong because being ruthless does not mean being evil or mean, it just means knowing that feelings cannot get in the way of decisions. Emotions are much more than influences in our decisions, however. They play a key role is almost everything in the world. If there was no emotion in any novels or movies or anything of that nature, how would we be able to enjoy life? Music is basically an extension from our own human emotions, and that is why music can be integrated in much of our situations of life. In movies, it would not sound right if a swinging beat was used in a war scene, or vice  versa. Thus, it is simple to say that emotions do play a role in our lives. The effects of emotions in our lives can vary from person to person, but no matter how hard someone tries, they cannot escape having and feeling these things. Whether it is good or bad, choices are made depending on the emotions involved in the consequences. Pity is one of the major feelings dealt with when faced with a decision about another individual. Are they poor? In need of help? These are both basic questions that are asked to oneself when deciding on what to do in a situation. Although it is impossible to stay out of the grasp of emotions, it is very possible to realize the effects of them, and make decisions based upon the knowledge at hand.

Violent video game Essay Example for Free

Violent video game Essay Violent video games are successfully marketed to youth and are easily obtained regardless of age and easily obtained by children and adolescents. Violent video games become top best sellers because violent video games are popular with male and female children, adolescent, and adults. Even the U. S. government sees through this point; they have created and distribute the violent game like America’s Army to youth without checking the ages of which whom can download this game from the internet or can be obtained from recruiting offices. The main factor studies of violent video games that conclude with a general discussion of several key issues, including: developmental issues, game effect on children, average time child spend playing video game, beneficial environmental effects, and bias towards violent video games. Video games have become a ubiquitous form of entertainment in the United Stated; they are behind only television in popularity. Video game first emerged in the 1970s, but it was during the 1990s, that violent games truly came of age. Starting in the late 1980s, video game producers experimented with what the public would accept in video games. Gradually it became clear that games sold better if the contained more violence, such as: a fighting game one-on-one like Double Dragon, Mortal Combat, or Street Fighter games became all time best sellers (Anderson 6). The second most popular from entertainment after television, video games have rapidly became the largest segment of the entertainment industry, taking in 6. 3 dollars to 8. 8 billion dollars in 1998, compared with 5. 2 billion dollars in Hollywood box office receipts. For now, video game can be played at home on a computer or a television, which more option choice to become top market in America (Espejo 9). For that reason, the violence in video games is cause for concern. Numerous studies have found a correlation between violent video games and increased aggression in children. In addition, several popular video games may be teaching children how to kill by simulating the techniques used to train soldiers for combat. The skills acquired from these games are tragically evident in recent school shootings perpetrated by teens who were heavy users of video games (Espejo 9). Therefore, the Federal Court of Appeals decided to ban the sell or rental the violent video games to minors. According to Kenny Knudson, twelve years old boy, said even the government or his parent did not allow him to rent or buy violent video games, but he would properly find it at his friend’s house (â€Å"Violent Video Games and Kids Ruling. ). To protect children from violence, parents should carefully consider a suitable rating game for their children. If parents and rating systems do not prevent these games from falling into the wrong hands then banning them is a step that needs to be taken. Video games can have both positive and negative impacts on children. According to Douglas A. Centie, the video games have both positive and negative effect on children and that parents need to be aware of each. The positive effect from games on children is highly motivating. Video games are natural teachers, and they provide repeated practice for skillful play. Video games have been shown to teach children the attitudes, skills, and behaviors that they were designed to teach. They also can have negative effect. According research by Centie, time spent playing video games has negative correlation with academic performance. Playing violent games has a positive correlation with antisocial and aggressive behavior. Content analyses show that a majority of games contain some violence. A majority of fourth to eighth-grade children prefer violent games (Hamilton 24-25). Parents need to set limits on the time their children spend playing games and make sure the content of games is suitable for the child. The average time children spend playing video games has been increasing since 1980. In the mid-1980s, children averaged about four hours a week playing video games, and in early 1990s, the average amount was still fairly low. In result, girls spent time about two hours of home play per week, and about four hours of home play per week for boys. By the mid 1990s, home use had increased for fourth-grade girls to 4. 5 hours per week, and to 7. 1 hours per week for fourth-grade boys. This same sample of fourth-graders reported that most of their favorite video games were violent. According to recent national surveys of parents, school-age children devote about seven hours per week playing video games. In a recent survey of over six-hundred eighth and ninth- grade students, children averaged nine hours per week of playing video game by averaging thirteen hours for boys and five hours per week for girls, and it seems to be increasing every year (Anderson 7). It became clear that both boys and girls are spending more time with video games. Video games are highly beneficial because they give children a unique interactive learning environment and far from harmful. The interactive element of video games benefits children because it imparts the fundamental thinking skills needed for creativity and problem solving. Playing video games is inherently similar to interactive activities such as chess or playing the piano except that video games are stigmatization of video games ultimately discourages children from learning (Espejo 53). David Deutsch believes games are far from harmful, he asked, â€Å"Why do so many adults hate them? What evidence is there that there is anything bad about them? (Espejo 54)† Violent video games have the correlations between video games and violent behavior can be explained by being attracted from violent entertainment. According to Ron Wilburn, he believes video game violence is harmless fantasy, and it is not a main factor in youth violence. Children raised in households where they are treated with respect are able to differentiate between fantasy and reality (Biscontini). In the following, Christopher J. Ferguson argues that violent video games do not cause people to be violent. According to his research, there is no good evidence linking violent video games with aggression, violent behavior or any other key word of â€Å"harm. † He consistently found that violent games are not related to violent criminal behaviors or aggression. Frequent players of violent video games are no more likely to commit violent crimes that non-gamers (Hamilton). In addition, if video games do cause juvenile to be violent, then violent crime should be more increased as youth play violent video games, but the rate for juvenile violent crimes has fallen 49. 3 percent between 1995 and 2008, while video game sales have became top in the same period(Video Games ProCon. org. ). Parents need to be involved with their children; it is good for he or she to think and learn to understand and teach his or her children to avoid and not to follow evil side that come with the game’s story. Violent video games have been blamed for school shootings, increases in bullying, and violence towards women. There are two example incidents in Japan that people put the blame on games when it came to violent action. Reported by BBC news in June 2008, Tomohiro Kato, a twenty-five years old guy, drove a large white van on the side of the road at a busy intersection in the Akihabara district of Tokyo, and he went after the crowd and tried to kill them. The second incident, at the same year in January, a sixteen years old boy attacked five people with kitchen knives. Two people injured from the attacking in a Tokyo shopping street. Reports say it is still a little early to say what provoked the attack, but the police point these incidents might be caused from imitation to action games because both of them like playing video game (Hogg). Does game really become a conclusion for violent action status? There is some limited evidence that explicit discussions with children and adolescents about the harmful effects of media violence and the inappropriateness of aggressive and violent solutions to interpersonal conflicts, and practice at thinking about potential nonviolent solutions to conflict, all guided by parents or other adult authority figures, might reduce the harmful effects of exposure to media violence. Furthermore, parents who merely play violent video game with their children are likely to make matter worse, rather than better. Additionally, suppose children are for some reason unhappy with their daily’s life. Playing video games is something they never get from real life. It is not the video game that is doing them harm, it is that they have been funneled down a blind alley and not let out. The thing to do is to let them out by not stealing his last remaining source of joy and learning. Parents should offer them something which they might prefer, try conversation, try anything; if that does not work, do not blame the video game. Be thankful that there is still something good in the children’s life, to tide them over. However, parents or guardians are responsible for knowing if their children are able to handle violent video games without resorting to violence in reality. Parents should use the right power to lead their children play the right rating video game because video game play can and does have effects of both positive and negative attitudes and behaviors. Works Cited Anderson, Craig Alan, Douglas A. Gentile, and Katherine E. Buckley. Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print. Biscontini, Tracey Vasil. Youth Violence. Greenhaven Press: Detroit, 2007. Print. Haugen, David M. Video Games. Detroit: Greenhaven/Thomson Gale, 2008. Print. Espejo, Roman. Video Games. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 2003. Print. Hamilton, Jill. Video Games. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2011. Print. Video Games ProCon. org. Video Games ProCon. org. ProCon. org. 13 Mar. 2012. Web. 05 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Violent Video Games and Kids Ruling. Consumer Watch. KSBW. 9 Feb. 2009. Television. Hogg, Chris. Bewilderment in Tokyo after Attack. BBC News. 6 Aug. 2008. Web. 5 Apr. 2012.

Change of Logistics in Tesco analysis

Change of Logistics in Tesco analysis In this paper, the key subject focuses on the change issues facing Tesco in the next five years, especially on the logistics. The operation process of change makes huge headway towards the modern Tescos supply chain Tesco plc is a British international grocery and general merchandising retailer. This company operates 4331 stores in 14 countries around in the UK, other European countries, the US and Asia (Tesco PLC. Company Profile, 2009). Tesco is headquartered in Hertfordshire, the UK and employs over 470,000 people. Tesco was founded in 1919 when Jack Cohen began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London (Tesco: Our History, 2007). It is the largest retailer in British by both global sales and domestic market share. Behind Wal-Mart and Carrefour, it is the third largest global retailer. Originally specializing in food and drink, Tesco has diversified into fields such as clothing, telecoms, car insurance, financial services, health and dental plans, retailing DVDs, CDs, magazines, music downloads, internet services and software. The core purpose of Tesco is to create value for the customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. In this paper, the change of logistics in Tesco is investigated. It falls into three parts, which starts with the fundamental situation of logistics in Tesco. The importance of logistics in Tesco and the current logistics management are presented in this part. The second part investigates the change issues facing Tesco in the next five years, such as strategic change, structural change and technical change. In the third part, barriers and resistance to change are identified. Besides, necessary steps to changes and the different viewpoints of change implement are also involved. 2.0 Logistics in Tesco The business reformation of Tesco in the last 30 or more years is one of the most remarkable stories in British retailing. The organization has become one of Europes leading retail businesses with retail operation in countries as far-ranging as South Korea, Turkey, Poland and Ireland (Tesco PLC. Company Profile, 2009). In common with other large retailers, Tesco buys goods from suppliers into regional distribution centres, for preparation and onward delivery to its stores. Logistics management is the part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the storage of goods and related information to meet the customers requirements. The logistics function is one of he links between production and consumption. Over the last decade there is a growing opinion that logistics is not merely a strategic activity but is important in strategic terms (Sparks, 1986). It is no exaggeration to say that if there is no logistics, there would be no Tesco. The current logistics of Tesco is different from the origins of the organization. In 1970s, the supply chain required to deliver comparatively simple products to lots of small high-street stores. Now the current supply chain is in the delivery of all kinds of products in a modern Tesco Extra hypermarket, or in the Tesco Express stores located in busy city centre districts, or the warehouse and weekly shopping on Tesco.com. Since Tesco changed its solely down-market image, Tesco has begun to better understand its customers and control its business. The retail transformation made Tesco put sharp focus on the quality and capability of the supply systems and the relationships with its suppliers. In the history of Tesco, there have been several phases in the transformation of the distribution strategy and operations (Fernie, J and Sparks, L, 2004). In the mid-1970s, Tesco operated a direct to store delivery operation. Suppliers and manufactures delivered directly to stores so the store ma nagers could operate their relationships with the suppliers. This kind of distribution was unable to ensure the consistency between product volumes and quality. Then the organization gained the control of the organization. The change happened in 1980 and was implemented to move away direct delivery to stores for the realization of centralization. Tesco selected a centrally controlled and physically centralized distribution service delivering most of the goods to stores, within a lead time of a maximum of 48 hours (Sparks,1986). That involved an extension of the distribution facilities and the building of new distribution centres, which was located more closely with the existent stores and even the future stores. This strategy produced a rationalized network of distribution centres, linked by computer from stores to head office, which reduced the individual operations. Once the basic network was settled, Tesco put attention to build vertical collaboration in the supply chain. Informa tion sharing, electronic trading and collaborative improvements have become essential to Tesco and brought up the success of Tesco. The Logistics and supply chain reformation have received not only public consideration but also available academic analysis. As a leading food and grocery retailer, Tesco is inevitable to face problems in the future. On the contrary, problems can also turn into opportunities as long as Tesco enforce suitable strategies to change problems into opportunities. Competition among the rivals and the co-operation with the suppliers are all the important issues to Tesco, much less the difficult economic times. 3.0 Logistics Change in the next five years It is crucial for leading retailers to play a vital role in the economic recession. Therefore, the retailers must make cost savings, in the meantime, continue to develop products and services which create real value for their customers. Those that do so can only come out of the downturn. Tesco needs to tackle the huge number of issues that it faces as one of the worlds largest retailers. Tesco has developed a world-class logistics approach to expand its success. But to some extent, the success of Tesco is due to the particular circumstance in the UK. As Tesco has become a much more international retailer, Tesco needs to change logistics and supply chain to face the changing nature of the retail operations. 3.1 Change of Strategy Retailers now do not compete only on the basis of their activities alone, also on the basis of the effectiveness and efficiency of their supply chain. Massive progress which made Tesco successful also made its retail and supply face increasing challenges. By 2009, Tesco had successfully established that retail presence in India, the United States, China, Turkey and Japan. Tesco has become the market leader in these international countries, not to mention the number one status in the British grocery retailer. From 2003, the overseas operation has accounted for almost half the Tesco Group retail space and nearly 20 percent of retail sales (Tesco plc Annual Report, 2003). Due to the economic downturn, Tesco should move its strategy from spreading the business widely to cost reduction. If there are issues in production and primary distribution, these will inevitably have a bad effect on the price, quality and service for the consumers. Once the cost of distribution has been reduced, ther e would be business motivation to apply logistics resource to determine opportunities to make improvements in the company. 3.2 Task in the future Tesco has suppliers on both a local and global scale. In the current economic climate, many customers want to buy products which can support their local business and economy. They are also concerned about food miles and the relative environment impact of the produce they chose (Christopher L.  Weber and H. Scott  Matthews, 2008). Therefore, it is necessary for Tesco to switch task on expanding local sourcing. This task can not only reduce the unit cost distribution year on year, but also lower the capital invested in vehicles. Besides, it can also produce positive effects on cutting down carbon footprint. On climate change, vehicles using for distribution to stores generate a major proportion of Tescos indirect carbon footprint. It is a big challenge for Tesco to address how it can respect on environmental limits. As Tesco continues to expand its business, it must reduce its environment impact at the same time. If the company is failing in controlling the emission of pollutants, the growth of brands will be destroyed. Tesco started a home shopping pilot scheme in 1995. This pilot was extended to 10 stores after two years and the store-based picking operation was expanded over UK in 1999. Now, its internet subsidiary Tesco.com is the largest online retailer in the world. Tesco was the very first internet grocer to market in UK, and by adapting quickly to the fast-changing needs of its customers with careful service and inventive offerings, it has succeeded in being in the lead among its competitors. So, Tesco should enlarge its market share and coverage on the internet. 3.3 People Involves in Change Tesco promise its people the opportunity and makes people feel committed by investing in training and development. As changes are continual and inevitable, it is necessary for Tesco to develop the employee skills. More inevitable is that people involved in changes will give different attitudes to the management. But the no matter what attitudes people take, they all need to change with changing business environment from the directors to the deliverymen. The directors should be sensitive to the change issues and more staff will be hired for their professional skills on website establishment or delivery. The delivers are facing huge challenge for the fast development online shopping. That means the service to the customers should efficient and free from error. 4.0 Change Issues and recommendations Changes are so unpredictable that it is unavoidable to face barriers to change. People naturally resist change because people prefer the know to the unknown. If a company wants people to be able to initiate and sustain change in the workplace, it must be aware of the barriers to change (Pike, B, 2004). Most people refuse to be uncomfortable in changes so that they may quit implementing the changes which the company has planned. So Tesco needs to monitor the training on helping people make a smooth transition and be ready for questions and advices from people. So as a director of Tesco, is it critical to give the top-notch people the professional train and coach and take in ideas from people no matter whether they are useful. Having more ideas generally leads to better ideas, so it is necessary for the directors to generate several alternatives when considering what to deal with changes. Another barrier to change is ambiguous to change. Change requires for clarity and attention. When the company faces too many changes at the same time it becomes difficult to pay attention to them all even though people want to make clear of all the changes. Maybe it is advisable to drop some changes and focus on the most unable to wait. Resistance is as inevitable as change. It is a natural response to any major change. Folger and Skarlicki (1999) claim that organizational change can generate skepticism and resistance in employees, making it sometimes difficult or impossible to implement organizational improvements. Most employees dont like change because they dont like being changed. Though the directors decide to move in the direction of unknown on the promise that something will be better for the company and the staff, but no one can proof. No matter how well designed and planned the change program is, not every staff will be singing its praises. People can only take active steps toward the unknown if they believe the new direction will create benefits. If Tesco want to make the case of change, be sure to set out terms why the company believes the changes can produce benefits. Tesco should defuse political power plays amongst managers and other employees by convoking board-based meetings where tasks and strategie s are openly discussed and introduce operations which leave little room for individual determination. Managers, employees always have questioned the value of the role of change agent in their organization. It is because the label change agent is usually related with misunderstanding, cynicism and stereotyping. As organization of all kinds face inevitable changes in their environment, the need for change agents who are capable of turning strategy into reality has created an important role. Dave Ulrich (1996) suggests that founding a renewed organization is the deliverable expected from the change agent role in Human Resources. The change agents enable people to work effectively as they plot and increase peoples ability to manage future change. So Tesco is necessary to hire a change agent to deal with the change and suggest the steps necessary to implement changes, though there are suspicious voices. For a company facing changes, change agents are strategic thinkers with a vision which is shared across the organization (Kaufman, 2005). But the skills of change agents which can lead to success must be grounded in a passion for the final goal and the ability to sustain the pression through the challenges and setbacks inherent in bold visions. Tesco does not need a change agent with high education but a change agent with efficiency and bold vision. Tescos core purpose and values define the way it dose business, how it treat the consumers, the employees and the suppliers. Tescos corporate social responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of the customers by acting responsibly in the communities it serve. So the task of purchasing local produces is wise for causing favorable impression from the local customers and a commendable active to the social communities. Tesco should plan a mature plan on the integrating the network management in the next two years for the fast booming of online shopping. It is urgent for Tesco to occupy the online market over the world though someone will criticize this task of Tesco is invasive. Therefore, Tesco need to guarantee the welfare and safety of the employees of the suppliers and deliveries for making them extend fair and honest to the customers. The envisaged schedule of cost reduction builds upon that the appropriate resources are assigned. Primary distribution should be keeping on with cost reduction. 5.0 Conclusion The change management carries with many challenges. Challenges involved with the amount of time required to develop, arrange and implement the plan as well as align people around its breakthrough strategies (Silverman, 2000).As the retailers have realized the importance of distribution is underestimated and the consumer needs are changeable, the need of improve the quality accuracy of logistics is paramount. For a growth company like Tesco it is vital that the company meets the challenges produced by the economic downturn. By grasping the right opportunities, protecting itself from unpredictable capital markets and trading in a sustainable way Tesco should confront this recession as an even stronger company. It is impossible to predict the future and to state demonstrably what the Tesco logistics will appear in the following years of course. Certainly, procedures in the area of environment aspects of logistics will continue to place pressure on retails and supplier to reinforce their performance. The electronic grocery shopping with direct home delivery is gradually becoming an option for more consumers. All the changes require the active support of employees and involvement of senior management in order to be successful.